{"id":8139,"date":"2018-08-12T20:32:03","date_gmt":"2018-08-12T18:32:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.tomislavstankovic.com\/blog\/?p=8139"},"modified":"2019-01-05T19:47:09","modified_gmt":"2019-01-05T17:47:09","slug":"expressjs-rate-limit-api-zastita","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.tomislavstankovic.com\/blog\/expressjs-rate-limit-api-zastita\/","title":{"rendered":"ExpressJS middleware za ograni\u010davanje ponovljenih zahtjeva na API-je"},"content":{"rendered":"

Jedna od najva\u017enijih komponenti svakog API<\/em>-ja, osim mogu\u0107nosti upravljanja podacima<\/a>, je sigurnost. A jedna od osnovnih komponenti te sigurnosti<\/a> je mogu\u0107nost blokiranja prekomjernih upita<\/strong> koji se \u0161alju na pojedini API endpoint<\/a><\/em>.<\/p>\n

U ovom \u0107u slu\u010daju za tu svrhu koristiti Express Rate Limit<\/a><\/em> modul.<\/p>\n

Postavljanje projekta<\/h2>\n

Kreiram mapu naziva ExpressRateLimit<\/em> i unutar nje pokre\u0107em naredbu<\/a>:<\/p>\n

$ npm init --yes<\/pre>\n
Odmah nakon toga instaliram Express.js<\/a><\/em> i Express Rate Limit<\/a><\/em> pakete:<\/p>\n
$ npm install express --save\r\n$ npm install --save express-rate-limit<\/pre>\n
Sada u mapi projekta mogu vidjeti datoteku package.json<\/strong><\/em> koja je osnova ovog projekta. <\/p>\n
{\r\n  \"name\": \"ExpressRateLimit\",\r\n  \"version\": \"1.0.0\",\r\n  \"description\": \"ExpressJS Rate Limit API\",\r\n  \"main\": \"index.js\",\r\n  \"scripts\": {\r\n    \"test\": \"echo \\\"Error: no test specified\\\" && exit 1\"\r\n  },\r\n  \"keywords\": [],\r\n  \"author\": \"\",\r\n  \"license\": \"ISC\",\r\n  \"dependencies\": {\r\n    \"express\": \"^4.16.3\",\r\n    \"express-rate-limit\": \"^2.12.2\"\r\n  }\r\n}<\/pre>\n
Sada imam sve potrebno za kreiranje API<\/em>-ja.<\/p>\n
Kreiranje API-ja<\/h2>\n
Kreiram index.js<\/strong><\/em> datoteku unutar koje kopiram sljede\u0107i sadr\u017eaj:<\/p>\n
var express = require('express');\r\nvar app = express();\r\nvar RateLimit = require('express-rate-limit');\r\n \r\nvar port = process.env.PORT || 8080;\r\n \r\nvar apiRoutes = express.Router();\r\n \r\napiRoutes.get('\/', function(req, res) {\r\n    \/\/ako je sve ispravno postavljeno kao odgovor dobijem ovu poruku\r\n    res.json({ message: 'API radi!' });   \r\n});\r\n \r\napp.use('\/api', apiRoutes);\r\n \r\napp.listen(port);\r\nconsole.log('API je pokrenut na portu:' + ' ' + port);<\/pre>\n
API<\/em> mogu testirati na putanji http:\/\/localhost:8080\/api\/<\/a><\/p>\n
\"ExpressJS<\/a><\/p>\n
Sada, nakon \u0161to sam se uvjerio da API<\/em> ispravno radi, mogu implementirati Express Rate Limit modul<\/em>. <\/p>\n
Express Rate Limit modul<\/h2>\n
Kreiram dvije krajnje to\u010dke (endpoint<\/em>):<\/p>\n
apiRoutes.get('\/putanja1', function(req, res) {\r\n    res.json({ \r\n\tsuccess: true,\r\n\tmessage: 'Prvi API' });   \r\n});\r\n \r\napiRoutes.get('\/putanja2', function(req, res) {\r\n    res.json({ \r\n\tsuccess: true,\r\n\tmessage: 'Drugi API' });   \r\n});<\/pre>\n
Njima pristupam putem URL<\/em>-ova:<\/p>\n
http:\/\/localhost:8080\/api\/putanja1<\/a> i http:\/\/localhost:8080\/api\/putanja2<\/a><\/p>\n
\"ExpressJS<\/a><\/p>\n
Prije nego ubacim sigurnosnu za\u0161titu URL<\/em>-ovima je mogu\u0107e pristupiti neograni\u010deno mnogo puta. Ovo nije problem kada, kao u ovom konkretnom slu\u010daju, \u0161aljem mali json<\/a><\/em> objekt, ali kada je u pitanju API<\/em> koji dohva\u0107a vi\u0161e podataka iz npr. SQL<\/em> baze onda to ve\u0107 postaje problem jer mo\u017ee do\u0107i do zagu\u0161enja ili potpunog blokiranja servera. <\/p>\n
Sada \u0107u dodati apiLimiter<\/span> objekt s nekoliko parametara. <\/p>\n
var apiLimiter= new RateLimit({\r\n  windowMs: 60*60*1000, \/\/ vremenski okvir od jednog sata unutar kojega vrijede ova pravila\r\n  delayAfter: 1, \/\/ zapo\u010deti usporavanje nakon prvog upita\r\n  delayMs: 3*1000, \/\/ usporiti svaki sljede\u0107i upit za 3 sekunde\r\n  max: 5, \/\/ blokiranje API-ja nakon 5 upita\r\n  message: \"Previse zahtjeva s Vase IP, molimo pokusajte ponovno za jedan sat\"\r\n});<\/pre>\n
Ako \u017eelim da se ta pravila primjene na sve krajnje to\u010dke (endpoint<\/em>) dodajem sljede\u0107e:<\/p>\n
app.use('\/api\/', apiLimiter, apiRoutes);<\/pre>\n
Mogu vidjeti da je svaki sljede\u0107i upit sporiji od prethodnog i da se nakon 5 poslanih upita prikazuje poruka iz apiLimiter<\/span> objekta.<\/p>\n
\"ExpressJS<\/a><\/p>\n
U slu\u010daju da za svaku krajnju to\u010dku tj. svaki endpoint<\/em> \u017eelim postaviti druga\u010diji uvijet to radim tako da kreiram toliki broj objekata koliko ima krajnjih \u010dvorova. Npr.<\/p>\n
var apiLimiter1 = new RateLimit({\r\n  windowMs: 60000, \/\/ vremenski okvir od jednog sata unutar kojega vrijede ova pravila\r\n  delayAfter: 10, \/\/ zapo\u010deti usporavanje nakon prvog upita\r\n  delayMs: 1000, \/\/ usporiti svaki sljede\u0107i upit za 3 sekunde\r\n  max: 50, \/\/ blokiranje API-ja nakon 5 upita\r\n  message: \"Previse zahtjeva s Vase IP, molimo pokusajte ponovno kasnije\"\r\n});\r\n\r\nvar apiLimiter2 = new RateLimit({\r\n  windowMs: 60*60*1000, \/\/ vremenski okvir od jednog sata unutar kojega vrijede ova pravila\r\n  delayAfter: 1, \/\/ zapo\u010deti usporavanje nakon prvog upita\r\n  delayMs: 3*1000, \/\/ usporiti svaki sljede\u0107i upit za 3 sekunde\r\n  max: 5, \/\/ blokiranje API-ja nakon 5 upita\r\n  message: \"Previse zahtjeva s Vase IP, molimo pokusajte ponovno za jedan sat\"\r\n});\r\n \r\napiRoutes.get('\/', function(req, res, next) {\r\n    \/\/ako je sve ispravno postavljeno kao odgovor dobijem ovu poruku\r\n    res.json({ message: 'API radi!' });   \r\n});\r\n\r\napiRoutes.get('\/putanja1', apiLimiter1, function(req, res, next) {\r\n    res.json({ \r\n\tsuccess: true,\r\n\tmessage: 'Prvi API' });   \r\n});\r\n \r\napiRoutes.get('\/putanja2', apiLimiter2, function(req, res, next) {\r\n    res.json({ \r\n\tsuccess: true,\r\n\tmessage: 'Drugi API' });   \r\n});<\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Jedna od najva\u017enijih komponenti svakog API-ja, osim mogu\u0107nosti upravljanja podacima, je sigurnost. A jedna od osnovnih komponenti te sigurnosti je mogu\u0107nost blokiranja prekomjernih upita koji se \u0161alju na pojedini API endpoint. U ovom \u0107u slu\u010daju za tu svrhu koristiti Express Rate Limit modul. Postavljanje projekta Kreiram mapu naziva ExpressRateLimit i unutar nje pokre\u0107em naredbu: $ … Nastavi \u010ditati ExpressJS middleware za ograni\u010davanje ponovljenih zahtjeva na API-je<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":8140,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[565,351],"tags":[530,375],"class_list":["post-8139","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-backend","category-razvoj","tag-express-rate-limit","tag-express-js"],"yoast_head":"\nExpressJS middleware za ograni\u010davanje ponovljenih zahtjeva na API-je - Tomislav Stankovi\u0107<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tomislavstankovic.com\/blog\/expressjs-rate-limit-api-zastita\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"hr_HR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"ExpressJS middleware za ograni\u010davanje ponovljenih zahtjeva na API-je - Tomislav Stankovi\u0107\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Jedna od najva\u017enijih komponenti svakog API-ja, osim mogu\u0107nosti upravljanja podacima, je sigurnost. A jedna od osnovnih komponenti te sigurnosti je mogu\u0107nost blokiranja prekomjernih upita koji se \u0161alju na pojedini API endpoint. U ovom \u0107u slu\u010daju za tu svrhu koristiti Express Rate Limit modul. 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